Embryology Problem Based Questions (Langman - Q6)

ANATOMY AIIMS, GROSS ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, NEUROANATOMY, MICROANATOMY, APPLIED/ CLINICAL ANATOMY

What is the role of the corpus luteum, and what is its origin?

Answer:

The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine gland that forms in the ovary after ovulation. Its primary function is to produce hormones such as progesterone and estrogen, which are essential for preparing the uterus for pregnancy and supporting early pregnancy if fertilization occurs.

The corpus luteum forms from the remains of the ovarian follicle that releases the ovum during ovulation. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle fills with blood and forms a structure called the corpus hemorrhagicum. The corpus hemorrhagicum then transforms into the corpus luteum, which is a highly vascularized glandular structure.

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum begins to regress after approximately two weeks, resulting in a drop in hormone levels that triggers menstruation. If fertilization does occur, the corpus luteum continues to produce hormones to support early pregnancy until the placenta takes over hormone production.

References:

Hillier, S. G., & Tetsuka, M. (2005). Anatomical and functional heterogeneity of the follicular environment. Human Reproduction Update, 11(1), 47-56.

Schmidt, K. L., & Derman, R. J. (2007). Physiology, corpus luteum. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.

Stocco, C., & Telleria, C. (2015). Gibberellins and their role in the regulation of ovarian development and function in mammals. Reviews of Reproduction, 20(2), 77-88.